English articles [Full Articles（Research article / Survey or Practical Articles）, Short Papers（Research Notes / Survey or Practical Notes）]

·           The BATJ Journal advises authors to use the given sample paper as a template, as it provides a general format for all articles referred to above.

·           Below is a guideline based largely on the APA (American Psychological Association) Publication Manual 5th Edition. For more help, see FAQs about APA Style from the APA web site http://apastyle.apa.org/

1

Paper format

Manuscripts must be submitted in Microsoft Word or Word-compatible software.

All lines, including titles and subtitles, must be double spaced and prepared for B5 paper, with adequate margins (top: 30mm; bottom: 20mm; left: 25mm; right: 20mm).

Type no more than forty-two characters per line and forty-two lines per page.

Preferred typefaces: (Title: 12pt, bold type and centred; Body: 10pt and justified; End notes: 9pt). Use MS Mincho for Japanese.

Preferred typefaces for reference: Times New Roman for English, 9.5pt. All lines after the first line of each entry in the reference list should be indented by two characters (hanging indentation) from the left margin.

2

Order of the paper

①    Title page

·       The initial letters of all words in the title should be capitalized except prepositions, conjunctions, and articles of fewer than four words. Capitalize only the initial letter of the first word in the subtitle.

②     Text (body)

·        The first line of each heading must not be indented.

·        The first line in each paragraph should be indented by two characters. To set this indentation, in the paragraph dialog box click the arrow under ‘Special’ and choose ‘First line’, and insert ‘2ch’ in the ‘By’ spin box.

③     Endnotes

·       Do not use the footnote and endnote features of Word.

·       Group the notes as endnotes rather than footnotes.

·       In the body text, place a superscript numeral（^{1, 2, 3, ･･･}）immediately after the text, and number the notes consecutively in the order they appear in the paper. Each endnote number must correspond to the same number in the body of the paper. Group all endnotes at the end of the paper.

·       Endnotes should not be included in the word count.

④     Reference list

⑤     Additional resources

·       Do not use colours。

3

Headings and subheadings

HEADING 1　 1.  2.  3.
HEADING 2　 1.1  1.2  1.3
HEADING 3　 1.1.1  1.1.2  1.1.3

·       Heading typeface must be bold 10pt without indent.

4

Orthography and punctuation guidelines

·       Avoid using underlining for emphasis in the text. Use bold type or italics.

·       Only one space after a colon, comma, semicolon, question mark or period. Use one space after any sentence-ending punctuation.

·       Romaji spelling: Use either Kunrei style or Hepburn Style. Use one style throughout the paper.

·       Presenting numbers:

・          Spell out common fractions and common expressions (e.g. one-half, Fourth of July, twentieth century).

・          Spell out large numbers beginning sentences（e.g. Thirty-four students were used）

・          Spell out numbers under 10（e.g. one-tailed t test, eight items, nine pages, three-way interaction, five trials）.

・          Use numerals for numbers 10 and above, for exact statistical references, scores, sample sizes, and sums (e.g. 35% of the sample).

・           The initial letter of a noun should be capitalized before numeral（e.g. Figure 3, Block 4）.

・          To make plurals out of numbers, add s only, with no apostrophe (e.g. the 1960s).

・          Treat ordinal numbers like cardinal numbers（e.g. the first item of the 15th trial）.

・          Use combinations of written and Arabic numerals for back-to-back numbers（e.g. five 10-point scales）

·       Treatment of the Japanese language: Present Japanese, Romaji spelling in italics, and then English translation in brakets.

e.g.) ともだちtomodachi (a friend)

5

In-text citations

·       Use the quotation marks (“”) for directly citing 40 words or less. Write the author, year of publication, and the page number for the reference.（e.g. Erickson, 2000, pp. 24-67)

·       When there is more than one author, each author is separated by a comma except for the last two which are separated by an ‘and’ if outside brackets or an ‘&’ if inside brackets.（e.g. Yamada & Keller, 2007, p. 301）

·       Omit the quotation marks if the quotation is over 40 words. Start the quotation on a new line, indented the quotation by three characters from both margins. To set this indentation, in the paragraph dialog box click the arrow next to ’Left’ and ‘Right’ spin boxes under ‘Indentation’ and insert ‘2ch’.

·       See recent edition of the APA style guidebook for the quotation exceeding a paragraph.

6

Tables, figures and photographs

·       Label each table beginning with the table number. Place the title (10pt) above the table/figure aligned to the left as follows:

Table(one space)1[table number]:(two spaces)[title]

e.g.) Table 1:  Average number of students

·       The use of textbox is strongly recommended.

·       Do not use colours.

7

Reference format

·       Indent the second line and thereafter of each reference (a hanging indentation) by 2 characters; do not indent the first line. To set this indentation, in the paragraph dialog box click the arrow under ‘Special’ and choose ‘Hanging’, and insert ‘2ch’ in the ‘By’ spin box.

·       Capitalize only the first word of an article title, the first word of a subtitle, and proper names in an article title.

①       Books:

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of Book: Capital letter for subtitle. Location: Publisher.

e.g.)

Lynch, B.K. (1997). Language Program Evaluation: Theory and practice. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

②    Chapter in an Edited Book:

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of Book (pages of chapter). Location: Publisher.

e.g.)

Tarone, E. (1987). The phonology of interlanguage. In G. Ioup & S.H. Weinberger (Eds.), Interlanguage Phonology: The acquisition of a second language sound system (pp.70-85). Cambridge: Newbury House.

③    Journal articles：

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number (issue number), pages.

e.g.)

Kubozono, H. (1989). The mora and syllable structure in Japanese: Evidence from speech errors. Language and Speech, 32 (3), 249-278.

④    Online Journal articles：

Author, A. A. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Online Journal, volume number (issue number). Retrieved month day, year, from http://www.XXXXXX.com/full/url/

e.g.)

Craciunescu, O. (2004). Machine translation and computer-assisted translation: A new way of translating? Translation Journal 8. Retrieved September 20, 2006, from http://accurapid.com/journal/29computers.htm

⑤    Web resources other than academic articles：

Author, A. A. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of online resource (chapter or section reference). Retrieved month day, year, from http://www.XXXXXX.com/full/url/

e.g.)

Tourism New Zealand (1999-2006). ”Walks/Trails” page. Retrieved August 20, 2006, from http://www.newzealand.com/travel/ja

⑥    Translated books: in-text citations, write as “Murakami (1987/1989)”

e.g.)

Murakami, H. (1989). Norwegian Wood. (A. Birnbaum, Trans.). Tokyo: Kodansha International. (Original work published 1987)

⑦    Books in Japanese：

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of Book: Capital letter for subtitle. [English translation] Location: Publisher.

e.g.)

Ogawa, Y., Hayashi, D., et al. (Eds.). (1982). Nihongo Kyoiku Jiten [An encyclopedia of Japanese language education]. Tokyo: Taishukan Shoten.

⑧    Articles in Japanese：

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year of publication). Title of article. [English translation] Title of Periodical, volume number (issue number), pages.

e.g.)

Tamamura, F. (1991). Nihongo ni okeru Gari Yooso to Gairaigo [Foreign elements and loan words in Japanese]. Journal of Japanese Language Teaching, 74, 13-27.

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Other information

·       Contact the journal coordinator in advance, if the paper includes special fonts, a lot of tables or figures or photos.

·       Abstracts should be submitted when the article is selected for publication.